Unhealthy food and going to the gym

How often do you question whether or not you've "earned" the food you want? For example walking by a Pizza Pizza and smelling the food being made, you might think to yourself that you want a slice but you didn't go to the gym or exercise so you shouldn't. In this case the smell of the pizza can be either a reward or a negative stimulus. The positive reinforcement is that you have or will be exercising that day so you should have the pizza, or you have not or will not exercise so you should not have the pizza.

I agree that that most learning is a product of conditioning rather than a product of cognitive process that take place in the situation to a certain extent. In the situation above, two things (smell of food and exercise) which are not directly related become paired together, so that must take some cognitive process.