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Post by ambercyw on Oct 3, 2017 2:42:49 GMT
Moghaddam alluded to Freud's pessimistic outlook in his theory of displaced aggression and its role in inter-group relations. Having experienced anti-Semitism and witnessed the beginnings of modern warfare of the first world war, Freud was exposed to violence which in turn may have affected his theories. Freud hypothesized that repression and displaced aggression were two of many defense mechanisms used to avoid the anxiety produced by thoughts of sex and aggression that had to be pushed down into the unconscious.
At an inter-personal level, Freud identified libidinal ties as being part of relationships; the individuals in these relationships experience psychological ambivalence as they struggle with feelings of love and hate. Individuals must use repression to push feelings of hostility into the unconscious, or reaction formation - showing emotions opposite to what is actually being felt. In terms of groups, Freud states that there must be a leader who manages the negative feelings within the group and re-directs them outside the group through displaced aggression.
Freud is pessimistic in a sense that he views human nature as needing to be repressed for the sake of forming inter-personal relationships. He believes that there is always a feeling of hostility between two people and it will always be a struggle to maintain the relationship if these feelings are not kept in check.
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Post by mikey117 on Oct 4, 2017 0:11:12 GMT
I don't know if I would necessarily say he is a pessimist, yes it SOUNDS horrible at 1st but look at personal experiences and it does explain a lot Just my personal opinion here but whenever we do have friendships or relationships people aren't 100% compatible and generally there are things about that other person that tend to annoy us or at least some behavior we might not approve of. Hell sometimes there is just the mood when you are being very supportive of your group of people for a while but don't impose yourself on your circle because you had JUST helped them and they might not be stable enough to give their support without essentially going down in flames with you. SO you deal with your own stresses by yourself which, as one of the examples brought up, might come from someone more powerful then youself, like a boss, prof or other person you can't really say or do much to get rid of your aggression...other then maybe complaining to your group of people later. Simply because we have aggression and need to suppress emotions or impulses doesn't necessarily make it pessimist, just simply a matter of life...I could be angry and testy because of home stuff but that wouldn't excuse me snapping at another person so I would need to suppress it or use a defense mechanism as to not damage my relationships with people or society at large. Now if we were to say we WANT to be angry and aggressive, kill people and loot like it was "The Purge", yeah that's a dark view of humanity and I would ask if they read Hobbs "Leviathan". But to simply say "hey, we repress stuff, and if we don't deal with them, well, then you will most likely take it out on other people so keep a look out for em", its an open invitation for us to look into ourselves and be alright if we find some things are messed up in there, or if we aren't sure, we are social irrational beings after all and that's alright. Its something we can all work on together At least that's how I'm reading it anyway
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